Arrays are one of the simplest ways of storing data and allow for very fast retrieval of data. An array is fixed in size so you have to know the size when you create it, if you later find out you need a bigger array you have to reallocate it and that is expensive.
You access an element in array with array[index] where index is the position in the array. array[0] will access the first element, array[1] the 2nd and so on and so forth. What you do is that you can use an integer (int) to access it, in this example that integer is named index.
Console.WriteLine(array) will call on array.ToString() and that will simply type the class name in this case. if you want to print every element in an array you need to use a loop.
for(int i =0; i<array.length,i++)
{
Console.WriteLine(array[i]);
}